[win7相关]企业 Windows 7 部署指南之二——使用DISM [复制链接]

　了解DISM　　DISM.exe是新的命令行工具，在操作系统Windows 7的默认安装中和自动安装工具Windows AIK 2.0中都可以看到该工具的身影。
　　注意：以可启动的Windows镜像方式对VHD文件提供支持是Windows 7中出现的一个新功能，我们会在本系列其他文章中对该功能进行介绍。
　　我们可以使用DISM.exe操作Windows镜像，这其中包括Windows 镜像文件(WIM)和虚拟硬盘文件(VHD)。虽然DISM.exe主要用于操作离线的Windows 镜像，但是它的一些功能也可以用来为在线的Windows操作系统提供管理。我们所说的操作镜像意指添加或删除设备驱动，添加或删除操作系统补丁，添加hotfixes，配置镜像的区域设定以及其他相应操作。DISM还可以用来将Windows镜像更新至不同版本(如从商业版更新至旗舰版)，并准备一个Windows PE镜像以供使用。
　　我们可以用DISM对以下版本的镜像进行修复：
　　　·Windows Vista SP1 及之后版本
　　　·Windows Server 2008
　　　·Windows 7
　　　·Windows Server 2008 R2
　　使用DISM
　　在Windows Vista(或Windows AIK 1.1)中编辑一个镜像需要使用若干不同的工具。例如我们要在主安装的镜像上安装一个不合常规的设备驱动，如果想在Vista中实现这一操作，要按照以下步骤：
　　　1.用ImageX装载镜像
　　　2.用数据包管理器(Pkgmgr.exe)添加设备驱动器
　　　3.用ImageX卸载镜像
　　此外，如果我们的镜像是一个Windows PE镜像，那么还需要使用Windows Preinstallation Environment(PEimg.exe)工具来配置该镜像。最后，如果需要修改镜像的语言和本地设置，我们还要使用International Settings Configuration Tool(Intlcfg.exe)。
　　但是，如果要在Windows 7中完成这一操作，要怎么办呢?DISM.exe现在已经取代了早前Windows AIK 1.1版本中的Pkgmgr.exe,Intlcfg.exe和PEimg.exe工具。另外，DISM还包括装载和卸载镜像的功能，因此我们可以对镜像进行编辑。
　　通常，我们利用DISM把某个设备驱动添加到离线的Windows 镜像中，然后再将该镜像部署到需要这一驱动的硬件上。让我们浏览一遍完成该操作的命令行以便学习如何使用DISM。
　　首先，在我们的Windows AIK 2.0电脑上的C:\Images 文件夹中可以找到一个用于Windows 7的Windows安装镜像(install.wim文件)：




　　

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dir C:\Images Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1C9A-D699 Directory of C:\Images 05/03/2009  12:46 PM    <DIR>          . 05/03/2009  12:46 PM    <DIR>          .. 04/22/2009  07:28 AM     2,218,242,699 install.wim                1 File(s)  2,218,242,699 bytes                2 Dir(s)  180,411,486,208 bytes free

in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 1C9A-D699

Directory of C:\Drivers

05/03/2009  01:19 PM    <DIR>          .
05/03/2009  01:19 PM    <DIR>          ..
05/03/2009  01:19 PM    <DIR>          VX6000
               0 File(s)              0 bytes
               3 Dir(s)  180,411,486,208 bytes free


　　我们要把镜像装载到名为C:\Servicing的空文件夹中。先让我们使用带有 /get-wiminfo 参数的DISM.exe命令行来显示包含在install.wim文件中的所有Windows镜像。记住，一个安装镜像可以包含一个以上的Windows镜像。

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /get-wiminfo /wimfile:C:\Images\install.wim Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Details for image : C:\Images\install.wim Index : 1 Name : Windows 7 STARTER Description : Windows 7 STARTER Size : 7,927,317,234 bytes Index : 2 Name : Windows 7 HOMEBASIC Description : Windows 7 HOMEBASIC Size : 7,983,232,406 bytes Index : 3 Name : Windows 7 HOMEPREMIUM Description : Windows 7 HOMEPREMIUM Size : 8,422,988,972 bytes Index : 4 Name : Windows 7 PROFESSIONAL Description : Windows 7 PROFESSIONAL Size : 8,303,245,818 bytes Index : 5 Name : Windows 7 ULTIMATE Description : Windows 7 ULTIMATE Size : 8,461,373,562 bytes The operation completed successfully.

　现在，假设我们即将部署Windows 7 专业版，在此案例中，从上面的命令行中可以看出，在这一特定镜像中，Index数为4。因此，让我们利用DISM.exe命令中的 /mount-wim 参数把这一特定Windows镜像加载到空的C:\Servicing 文件夹中。

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /mount-wim /wimfile:C:\Images\install.wim /index:4 /mountdir:C:\Servicing Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Mounting image [==========================100.0%==========================] The operation completed successfully.

　　使用/get-mountedinfo 参数可以查看镜像是否已经正确加载：

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /get-mountedwiminfo Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Mounted images: Mount Dir : C:\Servicing Image File : C:\Images\install.wim Image Index : 4 Mounted Read/Write : Yes Status : Ok The operation completed successfully.

　　如果我们查看C:\Servicing 目录的内容，就会看到已加载镜像的文件和目录。

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dir C:\Servicing Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1C9A-D699 Directory of C:\Servicing 04/22/2009  03:36 AM    <DIR>          . 04/22/2009  03:36 AM    <DIR>          .. 03/20/2009  10:42 AM                24 autoexec.bat 03/20/2009  10:42 AM                10 config.sys 04/22/2009  01:17 AM    <DIR>          PerfLogs 04/22/2009  05:26 AM    <DIR>          Program Files 04/22/2009  03:27 AM    <DIR>          Users 04/22/2009  05:29 AM    <DIR>          Windows                2 File(s)             34 bytes                6 Dir(s)  180,321,382,400 bytes free

　现在，让我们查看一下在已装载镜像可以执行哪些操作：

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /image:C:\Servicing /? Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Image Version: 6.1.7100.0 The following commands may be used to service the image: WINDOWS EDITION SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Set-ProductKey         - Populates the product key into the offline image.   /Get-TargetEditions     - Displays a list of Windows editions that an image can be upgraded to.   /Get-CurrentEdition     - Displays the editions of the specified image.   /Set-Edition            - Upgrades the Windows image to a higher edition. UNATTEND SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Apply-Unattend         - Applies an unattend file to an image. DRIVER SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Remove-Driver          - Removes driver packages from an offline image.   /Add-Driver             - Adds driver packages to an offline image.   /Get-DriverInfo         - Displays information about a specific driver in an offline image or a running operating system.   /Get-Drivers            - Displays information about all drivers in an offline image or a running operating system. INTERNATIONAL SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Set-LayeredDriver      - Sets keyboard layered driver.   /Set-UILang             - Sets the default system UI language that is used in the mounted offline image.   /Set-UILangFallback     - Sets the fallback default language for the system UI in the mounted offline image.   /Set-UserLocale         - Sets the user locale in the mounted offline image.   /Set-SysLocale          - Sets the language for non-Unicode programs (also called system locale) and font settings in the mounted offline image.   /Set-InputLocale        - Sets the input locales and keyboard layouts to use in the mounted offline image.   /Set-TimeZone           - Sets the default time zone in the mounted offline image.   /Set-AllIntl            - Sets all international settings in the mounted offline image.   /Set-SKUIntlDefaults    - Sets all international settings to the default values for the specified SKU language in the mounted offline image.   /Gen-LangIni            - Generates a new lang.ini file.   /Set-SetupUILang        - Defines the default language that will be used by setup.   /Get-Intl               - Displays information about the international settings and languages. APPLICATION SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Check-AppPatch         - Displays information if the MSP patches are applicable to the mounted image.   /Get-AppPatchInfo       - Displays information about installed MSP patches.   /Get-AppPatches         - Displays information about all applied MSP patches for all installed applications.   /Get-AppInfo            - Displays information about a specific installed MSI application.   /Get-Apps               - Displays information about all installed MSI applications. PACKAGE SERVICING COMMANDS:   /Add-Package            - Adds packages to the image.   /Remove-Package         - Removes packages from the image.   /Enable-Feature         - Enables a specific feature in the image.   /Disable-Feature        - Disables a specific feature in the image.   /Get-Packages           - Displays information about all packages in the image.   /Get-PackageInfo        - Displays information about a specific package.   /Get-Features           - Displays information about all features in a package.   /Get-FeatureInfo        - Displays information about a specific feature.   /Cleanup-Image          - Performs cleanup and recovery operations on the image. For more information about these servicing commands and their arguments, specify a command immediately before /?.      Examples:          DISM.exe /Image:C:\test\offline /Apply-Unattend /?          DISM.exe /Image:C:\test\offline /Get-Features /?          DISM.exe /Online /Get-Drivers /?

　这些参数可以在上面的DRIVER SERVICING COMMANDS 中找到。让我们使用/get-drivers 参数来显示安装在已装载镜像中的驱动：

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /image:C:\Servicing /get-drivers Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Image Version: 6.1.7100.0 Obtaining list of 3rd party drivers from the driver store... Driver packages listing: Published Name : oem0.inf Original File Name : prnms001.inf Inbox : No Class Name : Printer Provider Name : Microsoft Date : 6/21/2006 Version : 6.1.7100.0 The operation completed successfully.

　　现在可以用/add-driver 参数把LifeCam驱动添加到已装载镜像中：

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /image:C:\Servicing /add-driver /driver:C:\Drivers\VX6000\vx6000.inf Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Image Version: 6.1.7100.0 Found 1 driver package(s) to install. Installing 1 of 1 - C:\Drivers\VX6000\vx6000.inf: The driver package was successfully installed. The operation completed successfully. Let's use /get-drivers again to verify that the LifeCam driver has been successfully added to the mounted image: C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /image:C:\Servicing /get-drivers Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Image Version: 6.1.7100.0 Obtaining list of 3rd party drivers from the driver store... Driver packages listing: Published Name : oem0.inf Original File Name : prnms001.inf Inbox : No Class Name : Printer Provider Name : Microsoft Date : 6/21/2006 Version : 6.1.7100.0 Published Name : oem1.inf Original File Name : vx6000.inf Inbox : No Class Name : Image Provider Name : Microsoft Date : 7/18/2008 Version : 5.5.3.74 The operation completed successfully.

　现在，可以通过卸载镜像来结束操作：

C:\Program Files\Windows AIK\Tools\PETools>dism /unmount-wim /mountdir:C:\Servicing /commit Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.1.7100.0 Image File : C:\Images\install.wim Image Index : 4 Saving image [==========================100.0%==========================] Unmounting image [==========================100.0%==========================] The operation completed successfully.

　　其他资源
　　要获取更多有关DISM.exe的使用信息，在Deployment Tools Command Prompt中输入dism/?。另外，还可以点击“开始”菜单，从程序中找到Windows AIK用户指导(WAIK.chm)，在其中的Deployment Tools Technical Reference部分也可以找到有关DISM.exe的详细信息。

没用过这个软件，感觉功能很强啊