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GeoModeller2021一款功能强大的三维地质建模软件，使用可帮助用户快速的构建复杂，稳态，隐式3D地质模型以及直接从您的项目执行正向和反向地球物理建模。可从各种数据源构建隐式3D地质模型，这些数据源在空间方面是丰富的或稀疏的（映射，钻孔，解释的横截面，远程传感图像，来自磁力的深度转换解释约束，重力，地震，EM等。）GeoModeller还促进潜在场地球物理学的正向和反向建模，包括全张量梯度测量，以优化3D中最可能的地质和岩石属性。该软件可以很好地处理复杂性，包括故障网络，折叠，翻转的地层，入侵和薄体。稳态隐式曲面受耦合的主要地质数据（接触点和结构方向）的约束。 3D地质表面通过“潜在场方法”进行插值，该方法用于表示结构数据（即使它可能不位于地质接触点上）。故障表面以类似的方式进行插值。GeoModeller采用基于规则的建模，坚持地层桩内的关系（侵蚀或侵入）以及设置故障网络（模拟故障年表）.GeoModeller的钻孔管理器包括用于记录故障排除不当的比较和编辑工具。井下属性数据（例如，密度日志）可以通过地质统计功能和3D插值/克里金程序来管理。使用3D网格计算器还可以方便地处理和创建2D和3D网格和网格。，软件由直观的编辑器，钻孔和网格/网格管理器，以及用于2D/3D地球物理和地热建模以及机载EM反演的模块组成-您可以管理和解释具有全面功能的石油和天然气，矿物，地热，水文地质或工程项目和导入/导出选项。
  软件优势 1、处理静脉和堤坝等薄体2、提供一种巧妙的克里金方法，例如，用于沿着地质体积内的结构轮廓（类似于层理或结构）插值的测定（称为“域克里金法”）。3、直接来自三维地质的2.5D前向“轮廓”地球物理模型（mag，grav，地震）4、直接来自3D地质的3D正演模拟：磁力学，重力，全张量梯度测量和传导热流5、从符合PDF法律（密度，敏感度）的起始表执行岩石属性优化6、3D光学约束，磁性或重力的随机反转（或两者共同），包括选定的分量张量。 对从完全岩石属性（固定几何）到完整地质几何（固定属性）的模型扰动的任何使用 - 设定比率执行反演。7、支持EM数据的1D和2D反演
新功能介绍 Release Notes for GeoModeller 4.0.8
Contents========1. Introduction2. New features3. New examples4. Executables5. RECENT BUG FIXES---------------------------------------------------------
1. Introduction================This document applies to GeoModeller 4.0.8
The GeoModeller product contains all documentation, cookbooks, datasetsand tutorials for: 64-bit Windows Server 2008 R2 or newer, Windows 7 / 10 This release will require your maintenance payments to be up to date in order to run. The LINUX version cannot be packaged, as yet, using the Debian methods that track all the versions for the dependent thirdparty libraries. The older packaging methods, using IZPACK and a zip file are compromised by the large set of upgraded packages now required.---------------------------------------------------------
2. New Features================ * Adopt International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the 12th generation (IGRF-12); * Support for UBC padded semi-regular grids import of property inversion result. The export of a UBC format 3D grid is also supported - just each formation contributes a property from the Geomodeller Geology model. * Upgrade the SEGY general support and a revised LookUp Colour Table to enable the usual Red/Blue conventions, around a zero veolocity. A flag to manage depth/elevation is added as well. Time/Depth conversions are still a post-import proposition. * Support for airborne electromagnetic geophysics datasets (EM). The commonly available EM survey datasets are line based and either Time domain or frequency domain soundings of the near surface terrain. The data measures the resistivity (inverse of the conductivity). Early time records apply to the near surface, and later time to the deeper terrain. The Reference manual is updated to include over 80 pages of explanation on this new feature. We support 1D inversion and 2D forward and inverse processes. The AEM Wizard automatically creates a section for every flight line of data and allows you to access the original survey data, showing the Time or Frequency decay curves of the ground response to the principal electrical excitation impulse. The latest results viewer panel is geographically based and shows section results, profile misfits and noise and IP maps with flight direction indicated. The 2.5D joint inversion of electrical conductivity and the near surface response from IP, where present in survey data, is in the final stage of development. Intrepid only offer this 2.5D technology via a service bureau. The Apparent Conductivity and 1D AEM capabilities are for sale as an optional separately licensed module. The standard GeoModeller license includes access to the AEM wizard for results and original AEM survey data access. Results viewing is part of the standard GeoModeller base. This alone is quite significant, as it allows you to integrate and interpolate and pick formation tops and faults from AEM inverted products.
* High quality meshing of any geology model, including creation, reporting on quality, exporting to industry standard formats. Includes variable mesh precision controls by formation, multi-threading and a statistical framework for assessing quality. There are many examples shipping with this version, that tie into the regional groundwater simulation and uncertainty. The evolution of this technology, based upon the underlying CGAL methods, are designed for balancing mesh quality where it is significant, and allowing a coarse mesh where this is adequate. This technology yields manifold and water-tight meshes to a designated precision. Adaptive Delaunay triangulation in 3D with shared faces for infinitely thin faults is also delivered. Solid volume meshing that is water-tight and physically admissible is a breakthrough with this release. The 3D anisotropic trends for the geology gradient are also reported as attributes of the mesh cells. A regional South Australian thin bedded sandstones, with faults and a Swiss Alps example are now included to demonstrate these capabilities. Example output meshes in VTK format are also shipped, so any user can see for themselves the type of output product that can be easily and routinely generated. Features also include fault network geometries (with a notional thickness) and thin conformal beds. The critical technical achievement here, is to find the triple lines, where formations and faults intersect. The co-kriging implicit function technology is used to find these first. This high precison/resolution geology meshing capability is separately licensed. * Stochastic Inversion revisions to algorithms. This has been prompted by collective requests for more fundamental testing and tuning of the novel geology constraints technology. Dr Richard Lane devised the methods of Commonality and Shape ratio being used for Probability Distribution Function (PDF) geology constraints. He first proposed the use of the Weibull PDF. We have updated our support for these methods with some further in-house testing and tuning to ensure that typical geological bodies can be reliably constrained to follow such PDF's. This inversion technology has been using the protobuf syntax for more than 5 years now and we have also taken the opportunity to make some minor fixes and enhancements to this API. * Exposure of the batch language API in the main tool, via a new File>Save As option. Various parties have requested access to an easy to use interface for taking existing geology models and making them available for uncertainty analysis. Of course, one can also cut and paste existing projects into a new project, as a result, and future proofing your geology interpretations also gets a lot easier, as the API language is a GOOGLE standard, and not dependent upon any one version of the code. As part of this exercise, the fuller realization of the geology model API has been extended to include the Folding elements and the Lithology properties for formations and dykes. An option to transform all section data to 3D results in significant speed up when doing parametric simulations of uncertainty. This includes access to all the new high fidelity meshing and geostatistical functionality for both conventional and domain kriging. All the geophysics function points were available in previous releases. Extensions for AEM are on-going. Around 60 example batch process tasks are shipped with this release. (see Examples below) All of these examples form part of the daily automatic test system. * Geological Uncertainty - There are many aspects to characterizing uncertainty. Several are added and revealed in this release. Since the early days of 3DWEG, now GeoModeller, the co-kriging technology had the ability to provide an estimate of the variance of the "potential field" at all points in your model. For a long time this has been ignored and a Dual kriging scheme used, leaving out the extra uncertainty calculations. This ability to have a variance calculated for all points in your model is restored at V4. The visualization of this uncertainty provides quite a challenge, so we restrict this to 2D sections for now. There is no full development of dumping this calculated variance term to the mesh grids as yet - do you want it? In the following Examples discussion, there is quite a bit on other aspects of the uncertainty story. * 2D Viewer Presentation - automation of axes titles. Often, you may want to automatically prepare many section views for inclusion in a report. Typically, this might be required when you have loaded a geophysical line dataset, and have inversion, signal data, and a geology on section to report. There might be 100 sections plus for this to happen on, so automation of the standard presentation is supported now by using a MACRO ${section.name} to indicate the title of each view. Control over scaling and viewing West to East, South to North etc, are also included. * The new Navigator pane is exposed, and is designed to give access to the identifable, discrete datasets that you have been accessing over the previous period (multi-projects). The "examples", "tutorial" and GIT-HUB resources are all presented in this view for access by you. The new Navigator pane allows access to any VTK objects that might be present in projects and their properties. The Mesh Quality and Property panes may display quite useful information about these data objects. This explorer also allows access to property, console, and editor views - Try the double Click, or Pull Right menu options. Drag and drop of any VTK data object is partly supported in the 3D viewer. It is difficult to turn off graphical objects introduced into your project by this method.
* Seismic data support - micro-seismic / passive seismic support, via point clouds and the MeshGrid facility continues to evolve. Reflective seismic support, ie SEGY, including the section creation feature is updated. Provision for 3D SEGY has started. 2D SEGY files that are already depth converted, will import and create a section with the seismic traces as a backdrop.
* GIT-HUB resource - access to all older and revised tutorial material is directly available via the navigator view. The tutorials available prior to 2014 are still shipping at this release. One completely revised tutorial A, plus a new EM tutorial are shipping. The EM tutorial data has to be unzipped. The gravity/magnetics tutorial (was E, but now C), is updated. Instructions for how to access and contribute your own projects that you might wish to share with the International community of "GeoModellers" is soon to be forthcoming. * Support for tensor grids is now in place. The fully formed potential fields gradient tensor as well as the double horizontal tensor Falcon format, are supported in MeshGrids, Forward and Inverse situations, as well as the Results Explorer. A simple 6 band inter-leaved by line ERMapper grid format is used for this. Standard component order is XX, XY, XZ, YY, YZ, ZZ. Falcon order is Auv, Ane, Null, Null, Bne, Buv * The support for multi-threading and MPI has increased markedly with this release. MPI needs a system process (smpd) to be running in the background. This requires system administration. * WormE. GeoModeller has access to the option to generate gravity /or magnetic dataset worms from a suitable geophysical grid. The option is found under Geophysics. The tool is separately licensed and an evaluation is available for you to try. For gravity data, the faults in your basement are picked along with the plunge. The deeper the structure, the more pronounced and elongated the "worm". New to Version GeoModeller 4.0 is support for bulk importing of limited 3D faults as computed by this tool from standard gravity. A dip is estimated along each fault a number of times. The results show up as 3 csv files, one for the foliation, one for the interfaces, one for the limited extents. FTG grids are supported for dip calculations in V6.0 Intrepid, not here as yet. There is still no support for dip calculations for magnetic data. A "MERGE" faults option is also new, to enable clean-ups from the automatic import. * Some new hardware restrictions are being encountered because of library upgrades. OpenGL3 does not work on a remote server situation, unless an AMD graphics card is used. 3. New Examples================ In your GeoModeller installed directory, there is a new examples directory. This supplements the usual Tutorials and gives examples by user interests or focus. All of the examples are deliberatly posed as starting from a few basic geology observations, and you can "bootstrap" a 3D model, using the batch processing capabilities.
API The "GeoModeller" geology language is defined using GOOGLE protobuf formats - see "gmtaskmodel.proto" - go to the bottom of this file for a summary of all function points in this API The geophysics modelling language is defined using GOOGLE protobuf formats - see "invtaskmodel.proto" Any syntax errors will be reported down to line, column position by the GOOGLE parser depending upon the source of the required input data, as referenced in your task The older C API has header files and some sample stub programs here. GOOGLE publish tools for Python/Ruby/C++/Java bindings-
Getting Started Once you have installed GeoModeller, there are several ways to access the scripting language to run a repeatable process as captured in the "task" files From within an executing GeoModeller GUI session: In the Navigator view of GeoModeller, locate a task file you wish to launch, choose the right most green icon, with a white arrow, choose Run Configurations choose the plus (+), add Name, choose a task, set the working directory, choose Apply or click right, and the Run As option is available. This is the standard toolkit support for launching processes from within GeoModeller, that is also used behind the scenes for long running tasks.
Alternatively, a CMD window can be opened, by navigating to geophysics>3DInversion>Create Command Window This command window inherits all the path and environment variables required to execute the "geomodellerbatch" and "invbatch" etc tools. The PATH environment variable can be examined and will show an entry something like C:\GeoModeller\GeoModeller4.0_x64_b8244e77c6a1\bin You can also set up a reference to the same bin directory, by modifying your system parameters, so that you can launch a command window from your windows start menu. You also need to run "geomodellerbatch" in this command shell and verify that the executable and jvm.dll is in the "path" Once tasks are executing OK, check the output, by running GeoModeller and opening the created project Geology Run Instruction: Anything with geology modelling with the following command: geomodellerbatch name_ofprocess.task Geophysics Run Instruction: Anything to with geophysics modelling with the following command: invbatch name_ofprocess.task There is a cross over to the geophysics processing available within Intrepid using the same philosophy and approach
A lot more access to processing and auto-generating interpretations from geophysical datasets are accessible via this same protobuf messaging system.
**************************Examples Overview********************Creating Geology Tutorial A is given again as a scripted set of processes for you to learn from. Other non-tutorial datasets/3D models that have featured over the years, such as a Salt Dome, Swiss alps "Zermat" and BetBet are given in the knocked down task file format form. The folded geology example features hinge-lines, axial surfaces etc. Geology From Geophysics The examples here include one to take the Bouguer, terrain corrected gravity grid of Australia, and find the 900 most important crustal faults, and have these importable into GeoModeller, to create a 3D fault network. The second example is from the Anisotropic clustering tool, being applied to the Landers 3D seismic locations dataset, to find the best fitting 40 flat planes or fault surfaces and have these beconme a starting model in GeoModeller. The Ellipsoid test, is from Roger Clifton's random dipole for magnetic responses, to demonstrate a forward model that a massive ellipsoid body, buried and tilted might exhibitAEM Airborne electromagnetic support is also a big part of GeoModeller V4 All of the processing tools for AEM are driven by batch processes. Like many of the other aspects in the Intrepid/GeoModeller API, AEM has a large set of options and parameters that are needed to capture all the nuances and complexities. The Beverley project (HydroGeology) was modelled for the tops of 3 formations from the 2.5D inversion of Tempest data. As this data is public domain, Intrepid can supply the full geophysical datasets plus the inversion upon request, otherwise, consult GSSA. Geology Uncertainty This follows from the UWA Target work, of modifying the structural foliation data in a GeoModeller project, and by sampling from a VonMies/Fisher distribution, generate a family of equally likely Geological models. The sample here is for Mansfield, Victoria, and has 10 variations all equally likely. The speed is enhanced by removing all 2D observations tied to a section and treating all observations as 3D points. The other example is from Saudi Arabia, and concerns reservoir simulations for uncertainty in oil recovery operations, and how effective a downhole well monitoring scheme might prove, depending upon the design of the monitoring bores, vs the stimulation wells, the thickness of the oil bearing strata, and the sensitivity of the geophysics signal that might be sensed. There is no example of the positional variance from the observations in your model as yet. A 2D section view is the only way to access this feature. GeoStatistics Access to the geostatistics capability inside GeoModeller via the batch language is also demonstrated with these tasks. There are two examples of variogram calculation. The first is just from an external geophysics points database (Point cloud - Landers) The second is for down hole drilling data, but inside a GeoModeller project. Similarly, the Lady Loretta examples are for grade assay estimations, going from the drill data to 3D volumes, that are formation based. Lastly, we also give a Domain Kriging example, where the implicit 3D geology model is used to estimate the distance between samples, rather than the more traditional Cartesian coordinate distance methods. The trend of the geology, and how it has been deformed and folded, is taken straight from the geology model and used directly in the geostats calculations. GeoThermal The examples come from South Australia, and concern estimating the thernal gradients and temperatures, given a 3D model with the thermal properties. HydroGeology New to V4, is the formal support for CGAL meshing, leading to the ability to produce manifold and water-tight physical admissible meshing. This means simulation software such as MODFLOW and FEFLOW can take GeoModeller geology models and have structured layered and unstructured tetrahedral meshes that reflect best efforts at creating a satisfactory 3D geology model and not just the topography. We retain infinitely thin fault planes as our way of showing the conformal mesh for any number of cross-cutting fault or hydraulic barriers. The examples include the original Robin DuFour Swiss Alpes model (Zermat). From the North Flinders Ranges, South Australia, we have a regional thin body Beverley model. So 30 * 30km, but just 500m thick. 6 formations, with pinch-outs are part of this together with a few faults, picked from the AEM, and the GSSA interpretation. We also recycle Tutorial A for demonstration of meshing. The outputs sub-director shows samples of coarsely meshed versions of these models. The *.vtu version can be viewed in the free viewer PARAVIEW, and has fully attributed fields including geology gradient estimates. Meshing The link between implicit co-kriging modelling of geology and 3D meshes is shown here for more generic example situations. The Mansfield model is used to create a mesh, a simple Dyke intrusion and a simple 3 formation, with a cutting fault etc. Importing older technology meshes into a GeoModeller environment (MeshGrid) is also featured (Petrel).
Mining The links between geology, geostatistics, and mining engineering are many and varied. An example that represent preliminary geological investigation work when another mining package is also being used in conjunction for planning stope shapes and development work. A second example from bulk mining, is based upon the Brockman Syncline, Western Australia. The region where a huge amount of Iron Ore mining occurs. Very simple methods are shown to demonstrate how easy it is to create a regional setting for the geology, then add the detail of faults and further geology refinements. We give some rock properties that are derived from back analysis of the observed geophysics. Determining the geology from AEM 2.5D inversion, can also be tied into parts of this region. Passive Seismic The geothermal projects often involve the observation of FRACCING, or other passive seismic event records There are a couple of tasks to show how to bring these datasets into the GeoModeller MeshGrid structures, within your project. Rock Properties The often neglected job of working on ways to best estimate bulk physical properties for your formations is shown by some workflow examples for gravity and magnetics. This is also described in the GeoModeller reference manual, via the GUI workflows. But here we have task files that do the same job, so enabling easier repeatable testing, as the models might be changed. Stochastic Inversion From the original 2007 development work, by Richard Lane, we present the BetBet study from central Victoria. The whole process encompasses taking your best effort 3D geology model, and then using both gravity and magnetic data to drive constrained stochastic inversion processes and generate millions of equally likely but with small differences. The method for generating Histogram Stats, Movies and likelihood plots are also captured in the task files. Tasks An audit trail (including potential return values) is written to "geomodeller-batch.audit". and any errors are reported in "geomodeller-batch.rpt". Both files are located in the current working directory. Make sure to check these files since non-fatal errors do not result in a termination of the batch processing. quite a lot of the sub-tasks used in GeoModeller uses this message passing scheme so you may spot automatically generated *.task files appearing in your work directories.Creating Task Files with V4.0, you can now convert any GeoModeller geology model back to its original sparse observations and the creation steps for defining the formations, faults and the geological pile.File>Save batch script Options for refactoring your model, to eliminate any sections are also supported. Interactive GUI Execution of any of the batch tasks is now also supported in the Navigator/ view of your projects
4. Executables================Executable Module PurposeGeoModeller.exe Base geological editor - main toolGeoModellerbatch Base batch engineinvbatch Potential Fields stochastic 3D inversionvfilt Potential Fields voxet FFT forward modellingMtdyke Potential Fields dyke forward modellingwormE InterpretationC multi-scale edge detectionAir_Lay_Inv EM 1D EM inversionMoksha EM 2.5D EM forward modelling and inversionMPI_Air_EM_Line_Inversion EM 1D EM inversion calculation managervoxet_to_mesh EM utility to convert formatsmpiexec Base - utility MPI controllervisual Base - utility general geophysics grid viewerBugReport Base - utility utility to send back bug reportssmpd Base - utility system deamon for MPIvtp2pdf3d Base - utility convert vtk objects to pdflas2csv Base - utility convert LAS borehole to csv formatExportEarthVisionFaults Base - utility convert faults to Earth Vison formatExportSeismicPoints Base - utility convert seismic points 5. RECENT BUG FIXES====================V4.0.8 fixesGMBTA-4429: Unequal number of cells for x and y using forward model temperature causes it to failGeoModeller: 2d gis import zero thinning fixCheck validity of section name on creation 1、支持机载电磁地球物理数据集（EM）。常用的EM勘测数据集是基于线的，并且是近地表地形的时域或频域探测。数据测量电阻率（电导率的倒数）。早期记录适用于近地表，后来时间适用于较深的地形。参考手册已更新，包含有关此新功能的80多页说明。我们支持一维反演和二维正向和反向过程。这个功能有一个新的教程。这是一个单独许可的模块。2、通过CGAL工具包对您的地质模型进行高保真度的voxet和四面体网格划分。这是一个Research菜单功能，单独许可。您可以一次免费试用30天。其优点包括能够以高精度定义细节缺陷几何形状和薄保形床。这里的关键技术成就是识别三重线，其中地层和断层相交。现在也可以选择能够影响三线附近的不确定性水平，以及查看三线。如果需要此功能，Intrepid将在2015年发布新的完全支持和记录的功能。我们仍在寻找地下水应用。3、SEGY部分创建功能是新的，但仍未完成我们想要的完成。已经开始提供3D SEGY，但是，到目前为止，在测试期间，我们还没有设法预测可能遇到的所有格式变化。已经深度转换的2D SEGY文件应导入并创建一个以地震痕迹为背景的剖面。4、修订了教程材料。此版本的早期教程仍在发布。一个完全修订的教程A加上一个不完整的EM教程正在发货。 EM教程数据必须解压缩。重力/磁力学教程（是E）是很先进的，但没有足够的完成状态来取代以前的版本。5、现在支持张量网格。完全形成的势场梯度张量以及双水平张量Falcon格式在MeshGrids，Forward和Inverse情况以及Results Explorer中都受支持。为此，使用由线ERMapper网格格式的简单6波段间隔。标准组件顺序为XX，XY，XZ，YY，YZ，ZZ。猎鹰订单是Auv，Ane，Null，Null，Bne，Buv *此版本对多线程和MPI的支持显着增加。MPI需要一个系统进程（smpd）才能在后台运行。这需要系统管理。6、WormE。 Geomodeller可以从适当的地球物理网格中获得生成重力/或磁性数据集蠕虫的选项。该选项可在地球物理学下找到。该工具是单独许可的，您可以进行评估。对于重力数据，地下室中的断层随着暴跌而被挑选。结构越深，“蠕虫”就越明显和延长。新版本geomodeller 2014支持批量导入有限3D故障，由此工具根据标准重力计算。每次故障估计倾斜很多次。结果显示为3个csv文件，一个用于foliation，一个用于接口，一个用于有限的范围。在V6.0 Intrepid中支持FTG网格进行倾角计算，目前还没有。仍然不支持磁数据的倾角计算。“MERGE”故障选项也是新选项，用于启用自动导入的清理。 功能特色 1、地质编辑具有方向数据的轮廓图，包括打击和倾角读数隐含地模拟受主要地质数据（接触和方向数据在一起）和/或钻孔截距约束的3D表面坚持基于规则的故障网络建模和桩的关系 2、钻孔和网格/网格管理 完全支持钻孔和归因数据GeoModeller中的钻孔数据编辑器提供一系列插值方法，包括域克里格法（模仿地质形成形状，避免在克里金法之前解开）3D网格/网格计算器3D查看器和切片工具 3、正向和反向地球物理模块使用随机反演技术重力和磁力以及合成地震仪的二维轮廓建模重力，磁力（包括剩磁），全张量梯度（FTG）的三维正演模拟三维正向计算温度，垂直热流和地热梯度三维岩石约束重力和磁性的随机地球物理反演（单独或联合）由全面的GUI和向导驱动建模可以从GeoModeller模型或导入的岩性voxet开始通过查找表（概率分布函数）或自定义voxets处理可变岩石属性浏览地球物理网格全面的反演后产品，包括地质 - 几何和岩石属性的量化不确定性 GeoModeller反演方法是非确定性的。反演持续超出令人满意的低失配水平（参考设定精度的观测地球物理学） - 探索和保持一系列允许模型，并根据地质 - 几何和岩石属性的概率提供这些模型的蒸馏统计数据。4、支持GeoModeller中的空中EM作为GeoModeller-Base的附加装置，可以出售一维机载EM反转模块。此外，我们为机载EM 2.5D倒置提供新服务（Moksha模块不出售）2.5D EM反演的电阻率voxet和剖面输出 - 显示在GeoModeller工作空间中，可用于地质解释，并与所有其他地质和地球物理数据（地图，剖面，钻孔，异常网格，地震剖面等）集成
常见问题 1、哪个插补器用于地形表面？用于地形表面插值的地统计学是棘手的，因为大多数地质统计学方法所依赖的平稳性，平滑性和同方差性的假设（大多数形式的克里金法）在这种类型的环境中并不适用。 当这些假设未经验证时，诸如样条正则化的确定性插值器可以更好地工作。2、如何提高2D截面的渲染质量。在建模的2d剖面图看起来质量低或与数据不一致的情况下，最常见的原因是：插值参数化不正确，请参阅https://intrepidgeophysics.freshdesk.com/a/solutions/绘图分辨率太低，见下文您可以通过增加“绘制模型设置”窗口的“绘图分辨率”部分中的“节点数”来改进它。 强烈建议为u和v方向选择相同的值。 3、如何在GeoModeller中导入/导出地质等高线？ 地质轮廓可以在GeoModeller的地形表面上数字化为顶部或底部。 您还可以将这些轮廓导入/导出GeoModeller，从各种文件格式（如.csv或.shp）到（x，y）部分或直接导入模型框（x，y，z）。 4、如何在项目框的子部分计算3D模型？ 可以在模型空间的子集上运行模型的计算。 模型限制在“计算模型”窗口的“全局参数”中设置。 5、如何在GeoModeller中扩展现有3D模型的深度？ 如果要在范围内制作更深的模型，并且希望保留现有的2D截面及其关联的接触和方向数据。 脚步： 关闭项目 在文本编辑器中打开.xml项目文件（有关详细信息，请参见下文） 更新最小深度（Zmin）。 保存.xml文件 重新打开GeoModeller 如果需要，请重置视图 重新计算模型 将项目保存在GeoModeller中 6、如何在GeoModeller中创建一个部分？ 要创建一个部分： 在2D查看器中选择地形部分，如果不可见，请在左侧的“项目浏览器”窗格中左键单击它 在左侧图标菜单中选择“创建线条”工具 在SurfaceTopography部分绘制新的剖面线 从上方图标菜单中的“跟踪”工具中选择“创建节”以打开新窗口 进行所有必要的调整然后单击“创建” 7、如何在GeoModeller中快速建模薄四元盖？ 尽管GeoModeller主要不是为此任务设计的，但可以使用Dykes作为解决方法，在GeoModeller中建模薄的（非）均匀的地形边界。 覆盖“松弛”厚度<T>的程序如下： 在地质学下创建一个堤坝->堤坝：管理堤坝将自动添加到新系列并放置在地层桩的顶部 数字化的浊独奏接触点上与水平方向相关联的数据的地形部分和厚度为的<T>200％的堤坝。 在处理高浮雕地形时，可以通过使用“适合平面到点”工具从地形本身导出方向数据来实现更好的拟合。 点之间不应该有线，因为我们不希望插值器考虑任何绕组顺序。 8、在GeoModeller中导入2D数据网格并数字化接口/结构可以使用2D网格作为参考在GeoModeller中数字化地质界面和/或故障。 对于常规光栅图像（png，jpeg，tiff），请跳至步骤4步骤1到3仅适用于数据网格：在Import-> Grid和Mesh-> 2D Grid下将网格导入GeoModeller在左侧面板中，导航到网格和网格 - > YourGridName-> YourChannelName->右键单击 - >字段可视化管理器为SurfaceTopography选择View on Section如果您有其他网格/视图投射到感兴趣的部分，您可以使用图像管理器管理它们。您可以使用图像管理器直接导入常规光栅图像（png，jpeg，tiff）。请注意，您必须对常规图像进行地理配准，以使其与剖面的坐标系和投影保持一致。将网格适当地投影到截面后，使用点工具将感兴趣的轮廓/结构数字化然后，使用“创建地质数据”工具将数字化点归因于地层或断层 9、如何在GeoModeller中导入SEGY部分？注意：GeoModeller仅接受Depth SEGY文件，不支持TWT SEGY文件。要在GeoModeller中导入SEGY，请转到Section-> Create from SEGY 联系 1739083603@qq.com
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